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When was australia discovered- When was australia discovered
Forest Creek Monster Meeting of miners at Chewton near Castlemaine. Francis Cadell , in preparation for the launch of his steamer service, explored the Murray River in a canvas boat, travelling 1, miles 2, km downstream from Swan Hill. First paddle steamers on Murray River on the spring flood.
From South Australia , the Lady Augusta captained by Francis Cadell , reached Swan Hill while Mary Ann captained by William Randell , made it as far as Moama near Echuca. Bendigo Petition and Red Ribbon Rebellion at Bendigo. The Eureka Stockade. The transportation of convicts to Norfolk Island ceased. Van Diemen's Land name changed to Tasmania.
Victorian Committee reported that a 'federal union' would be in the interests of all the growing colonies. However, there was not enough interest in or enthusiasm for taking positive steps towards bringing the colonies together. Sydney and Melbourne linked by electric telegraph. SS Admella wrecked off south-east coast of South Australia with the loss of 89 lives. Australian rules football codified, Melbourne Football Club founded.
John McDouall Stuart reached the centre of the continent. The ill-fated Burke and Wills expedition occurred. Skiing in Australia introduced by Norwegians in the Snowy Mountains goldrush town of Kiandra. Stuart reached Port Darwin , founding a settlement there. South Australia took control of the Northern Territory which was previously part of the colony of New South Wales.
Great Fire of Brisbane. Saint Mary MacKillop founded Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart. The transportation of convicts to Western Australia ceased. Children of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent are removed from their families by Australian and State government agencies.
This practice lasted years and is known as the Stolen Generation. The Overland Telegraph Line linking Darwin and Adelaide opened. Uluru was first sighted by Europeans, and named Ayers Rock. SS Gothenburg strikes Old Reef off Bowen, North Queensland and sank with the loss of approximately lives. Adelaide Steamship Company was formed.
First horse-drawn trams in Australia commenced operations in Adelaide. The first internationally recognised game of Test Cricket is played between Australia and England at the Melbourne Cricket Ground MCG. The bushranger Ned Kelly was hanged. First water-borne sewerage service in Australia commenced operations in Adelaide.
Silver was discovered at Broken Hill. The first direct Inter-colonial passenger trains began running between Adelaide and Melbourne. Gold was discovered at Southern Cross, Western Australia. Louisa Lawson established The Dawn : A Journal for Australian Women.
The completion of the railway network between Adelaide , Brisbane , Melbourne and Sydney. Sir Henry Parkes delivered the Tenterfield Oration. Banjo Paterson published " The Man from Snowy River ". A National Australasian Convention met and agreed on adopting the name "the Commonwealth of Australia," also drafting a constitution. The Corowa Conference the "people's convention" called on the colonial parliaments to pass enabling acts, allowing the election of delegates to a new constitutional convention aimed at drafting a proposal and putting it to a referendum in each colony.
South Australia became the first Australian colony, and the second place in the world, to grant women the right to vote , as well the first Parliament in the world to allow women to stand for office with the Constitutional Amendment Adult Suffrage Act The premiers, except for those of Queensland and Western Australia, agreed to implement the Corowa proposals.
The Bathurst Conference the second "people's convention" met to discuss the draft constitution. In two sessions, the Second National Australasian Convention met with representatives from all colonies except Queensland present. They agreed to adopt a constitution based on draft, and then revised and amended it later that year. Catherine Helen Spence became the first female political candidate for political office, standing for election as a representative for South Australia. After much public debate, the Victorian, South Australian and Tasmanian referendums were successful; the New South Wales referendum narrowly failed.
Later New South Wales voted "yes" in a second referendum. The decision was made to site the national capital in New South Wales, but not within miles of Sydney.
Queensland's offer of troops for the Second Boer War is accepted by the Imperial Government. The New South Wales Lancers arrived in Cape Town from London to begin Australia's participation in the Second Boer War. The Australian contingent to the Boer War departs Albany on the Medic.
The Australian Labor Party held office for a few days in Queensland, becoming the first trade union party to do so anywhere in the world. Western Australia enacted full women's suffrage. The constitution was passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom as a schedule to the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act , and was given royal assent.
Australia becomes a federation. Edmund Barton becomes the 1st Prime Minister of Australia ; the 7th Earl of Hopetoun becomes Governor-General. Black death strikes Australia, just over people killed in Sydney. The first parliament met in Parliament House, Melbourne. The Immigration Restriction Act was introduced forming the basis of the White Australia policy.
The Australian National Flag was flown for the first time. The Franchise Act guarantees women the right to vote in federal elections by this stage, most states had already done this. However, it excludes most non-European ethnic groups, including Aboriginal people, unless already registered to vote on State roles.
King Edward VII approved the design of the Australian flag. Breaker Morant is executed for having shot Boers who had surrendered. The High Court of Australia is established with Samuel Griffith as the first Chief Justice. The Defence Act gives the federal government full control over the Australian Army. A site at Dalgety, New South Wales chosen for the new national capital. Chris Watson forms the first federal Labor minority government.
Deakin resign and Chris Watson assumes office as the 3rd Prime Minister of Australia. George Reid became the 4th Prime Minister of Australia. Alfred Deakin return to the position of Prime Minister. Australia takes control of south-eastern New Guinea. Dorothea Mackellar publishes My Country.
The Dalgety proposal for the national capital is revoked, and Canberra is chosen instead. Birth of Donald Bradman in Cootamundra, New South Wales. Andrew Fisher became 5th Prime Minister of Australia. The Royal Australian Navy is founded. The Northern Territory comes under Commonwealth control, being split off from South Australia. Australian Capital Territory proclaimed.
Australia sends women to the Olympic Games for the first time. The Central Flying School RAAF in founded which was the foundation for the present force, the Royal Australian Air Force.
Walter Burley Griffin wins a design competition for the new city of Canberra. Australian soldiers are sent to the First World War.
This was first time Australians had fought under the Australian flag, as opposed to that of Britain's. Australian soldiers land at ANZAC Cove on the Gallipoli Peninsula in Turkey.
Jervis Bay Territory comprising 6, hectares surrendered and becomes part of the Australia Capital Territory. Billy Hughes became the 7th Prime Minister of Australia.
Hotels are forced to close at 6 p. Australia suffers heavy casualties in the Western Front Battle of the Somme. The Labor government under Billy Hughes splits over conscription. First referendum on conscription is rejected. Second referendum on conscription is rejected. Transcontinental railway linking Adelaide to Perth is completed. Battle of Beersheba : Australian 4th Light Horse Brigade launches last cavalry charge in modern warfare to capture Beersheba from the Ottoman Turks. Battle of Amiens : Australian troops spearhead 8 August offensive against Hindenburg Line : the "black day of the German Army".
On 12 August, Australian commander General Sir John Monash is knighted in the field of battle by King George V. The Darwin Rebellion takes place, with 1, demonstrators demanding the resignation of the Administrator of the Northern Territory , John A.
Prime Minister Billy Hughes signs Treaty of Versailles : the first signing of an international treaty by Australia. Australia obtains League of Nations mandate over German New Guinea. Edith Cowan becomes the first woman elected to an Australian parliament. The Smith Family charity is founded in Sydney. Stanley Bruce became 8th Prime Minister of Australia.
Construction begins on the Sydney Harbour Bridge. The first Miss Australia contest is held. The tenth parliament is formally opened in Canberra , finalising the move to the new capital. Slim Dusty David Kirkpatrick , Country Music Singer and Musician is Born in Kempsey, New South Wales. Bert Hinkler makes the first successful flight from Britain to Australia, and Charles Kingsford Smith makes the first flight from the United States to Australia. The Shrine of Remembrance is built.
Western Australia celebrates its centenary. Labor returns to office under James Scullin. The Great Depression hits Australia. New South Wales batsman Don Bradman scores a world record first-class individual innings of not out in a Sheffield Shield match against Queensland. In the Third Test at Leeds against England, Don Bradman scored a Hundred before Tea, a Hundred before lunch, and a Hundred by the end of the day's play, in Total.
He went on to make Altogether in his 52 Test career, Bradman scored 29 Hundreds, 12 Double Hundreds and 2 Triple Hundreds. This is therefore the fastest Triple Hundred in Test History. Sydney—Brisbane railway opens connecting New South Wales with Queensland by rail. Phar Lap wins his only Melbourne Cup. Construction on the Sydney Harbour Bridge is completed.
The Sydney Harbour Bridge opens. The Labor government falls and Joseph Lyons becomes Prime Minister. Western Australia votes at a rerefendum to secede from the Commonwealth , but the vote is ignored by both the Commonwealth and British governments.
Sir Charles Kingsford-Smith disappears. He was The radio series Dad and Dave begins. Sydney hosts the Empire Games , the forerunner to the Commonwealth Games. Victoria is devastated by the Black Friday bushfires.
Prime Minister Joseph Lyons dies in office and is replaced by Robert Menzies and the first Menzies Government. Australia enters the Second World War following the German Invasion of Poland.
The 2nd Australian Imperial Force is raised. The first flight is made by an Australian-made warplane, the Wirraway. A team of scientists, under Howard Florey , develops penicillin. Fascist Italy enters war, Royal Australian Navy engages Italian Navy in the early stages of the Battle of the Mediterranean.
After initial successes against Italy, 2nd AIF suffered defeat against the Germans in Greece, Crete, and North Africa. Apr—Aug, Australian garrison Rats of Tobruk halt advance of Hitler's panzers for the first time during the Siege of Tobruk. Menzies resigns and John Curtin becomes Prime Minister in the Curtin Government of — Singapore falls , 15, Australians become Prisoners of War of the Japanese.
Japanese air raids — almost attacks against sites in the Northern Territory, Western Australia and Queensland to Bombing of Darwin sees largest attack on Australia by a foreign power. The Royal Australian Navy and 6th and 7th Divisions of 2nd AIF are recalled from Mediterranean Theatre to participate in the anticipated Battle for Australia. Sparrow Force engages in guerilla campaign in Battle of Timor to Battle of the Coral Sea : United States and Royal Australian Navy halt advance of the Japanese towards Port Moresby Australian Territory of Papua.
Battle of Kokoda Trail : Australian soldiers halt Japanese march on Port Moresby. Australian forces inflict the first defeat on the Imperial Japanese Army in the Battle of Milne Bay. Australia's 9th Division plays crucial role in the First and Second Battle of El Alamein , which turned the North Africa Campaign in favour of the Allies. National daylight saving is introduced as a war time measure. The UK Statute of Westminster is formally adopted by Australia. The Statute formally grants Australia the right to pass laws that conflict with UK laws.
Australia wins its first Oscar , with cinematographer Damien Parer honoured for Kokoda Front Line! Australian forces engage Japan in New Guinea, Wau, and the Huon peninsula. Cowra breakout , mass escape of Japanese prisoners of war occurs in NSW. Japanese inflict Sandakan Death March on 2, Australian and British prisoners of war — only 6 survive. The single worst war crime perpetrated against Australians. Australian forces battle Japanese garrisons from Borneo to Bougainville.
The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme is introduced, providing subsidised medicine to all Australians. the Liberal Party of Australia is established with Robert Menzies as its first leader. Australian forces lead Battle of Borneo. Prime Minister Curtin dies and is replaced, briefly by Frank Forde , then by Ben Chifley and the Chifley Labor Government. The Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race is held for the first time. Minister for Immigration Arthur Calwell introduces the major post-war immigration scheme.
Norman Makin , is voted in as the first President of the United Nations Security Council. Minister for External Affairs , Dr. Evatt is elected President of the United Nations General Assembly. Holden starts manufacturing its first Australian designed and built car. The Holden Commodore was introduced in and started off with the VB, VH, VK, VL, VN, VT, VY, VZ, VE. Due to financial problems, Holden will no longer manufacture cars in Australia from Australia becomes a signatory to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
All indigenous ex-servicemen and any Indigenous Australians who are eligible to vote in State Elections NSW, VIC, SA and TAS are given an unrestricted right to vote in federal elections. The Nationality and Citizenship Act is passed. Rather than being identified as subjects of Britain, the Act established Australian citizenship for people who met eligibility requirements. Construction of the Snowy Mountains Hydro-Electric Scheme officially begins.
Australian troops are sent to the Korean War to assist South Korea. Voters reject a referendum to change the Constitution to allow the Menzies Government to ban the Communist Party. Australia signs the ANZUS treaty with the United States and New Zealand. Operation Hurricane : First nuclear test conducted in Australian territory by the United Kingdom off the coast of Western Australia. Elizabeth II and Prince Philip make a royal visit; the Soviet diplomat Vladimir Petrov defects, leading to the Petrov Affair and another split in the Labor Party.
Democratic Labor Party splits from Australian Labor Party over concerns of Communist influence in the labour movement. Australia becomes involved in Malayan Insurgency. Hotels in New South Wales no longer have to close at 6 p. Television in Australia is launched. The 16th Summer Olympics is held in Melbourne.
Performing artist Barry Humphries introduces Edna Everage to the Australian stage. The song " Wild One " makes Johnny O'Keefe the first Australian rock'n'roller to reach the national charts. Slim Dusty 's Australian country music hit " A Pub with No Beer " becomes the first Australian song to attain international chart success. Robert Menzies ' Commonwealth Electoral Act provided that all Indigenous Australians should have the right to enrol and vote at federal elections, removing remaining restrictions applying in QLD, WA and NT.
Sydney—Melbourne rail corridor opens with Spirit of Progress connecting New South Wales to Victoria by rail. The Beatles' world tour reach Australia. The editors of Oz magazine are charged with obscenity. Prime Minister Robert Menzies announces the reintroduction of compulsory military service for men aged from 18 to 25 years old.
Robert Menzies retire as Australia's longest-serving Prime Minister and is succeeded by Harold Holt.
The Beaumont Children Jane 9 , Arnna 7 , and Grant 4 disappear from Glenelg Beach. Decimalisation ; the Australian currency is changed to dollars and cents, with the Australian dollar replacing the Australian pound. Ronald Ryan becomes the last person legally executed in Australia. Black Tuesday bushfires devastate large areas of Hobart and south-eastern Tasmania ; 62 people were killed.
Gough Whitlam becomes leader of the Labor Party. The constitution is changed to allow Aboriginal Australians to be included in the population count and for the federal government to legislate for them. Talkback radio is introduced. Prime Minister Harold Holt disappears while swimming at Cheviot Beach , Victoria.
Holt was officially presumed dead by the government. Governor-General Lord Casey swore John McEwen in as Prime Minister, on an interim basis pending the Liberal Party electing its new leader. John Gorton replaces John McEwen as Prime Minister. British comedian Tony Hancock commits suicide in Sydney.
Australia signs the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. Aboriginal boxing champion Lionel Rose defeats Masahiko "Fighting" Harada in Japan to become the world bantamweight champion. Australia's first liver transplant operation is performed in Sydney. French conceptual artist Christo 'wraps' Little Bay in Sydney. Renowned author-artists Norman Lindsay and May Gibbs die. The Australian production of the rock musical Hair premieres in Sydney. Top pop groups the Easybeats and the Twilights break up; Tim Burstall directs Weeks , the first All-Australian feature released since Charles Chauvel's Jedda in More than , people participate in the largest demonstrations in Australian history, against the Vietnam War.
Neville Bonner becomes the first Aborigine to become an Australian Member of Parliament;. John Gorton resigns as Prime Minister and is succeeded by William McMahon. The Springbok tour sparks protest all throughout Australia. Premier of Queensland Joh Bjelke-Petersen declares a state of emergency in QLD in response to escalating protest.
Daylight saving is introduced to New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia and the Australian Capital Territory. Green Bans begin in Hunters Hill , Sydney and spread across New South Wales. The Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Commission rules that women doing the same job as men have the right to be paid the same wage. Queensland discontinues Daylight Saving. Aboriginal Tent Embassy erected in response to the Coalition government's approval of exploration licences and mining tenements on reserves.
Supersonic passenger plane Concorde lands in Darwin. The Sydney Opera House formally opened by Elizabeth II. Unionists save the historic " The Rocks " area of Sydney from demolition by introducing " Green Bans ".
Patrick White becomes the first Australian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. Darwin is devastated by Cyclone Tracy. The Privy Council Appeals from the High Court Act removes the right to appeal High Court decisions to the British Privy Council. Appeals to the Privy Council direct from State Supreme Courts remain until The Hobart Bridge collapsed.
A bulk ore carrier travelling on the Derwent River collided into several pylons of the Tasman Bridge killing a total of 12 people. These included 7 crew on board the ship and 5 people that were in 4 cars which drove 45m off the bridge into the Derwent River. South Australia becomes the first state in Australia to legalise homosexuality between consenting adults in private. Whitlam government introduced the Aboriginal Land NT Bill into Parliament.
The bill proposed land rights in the Northern Territory based on land claimed on grounds of need as well as traditional affiliation and traditional landowners maintaining control over mining and development. A constitutional crisis occurs when Malcolm Fraser delays supply, threatening a government shutdown until Governor-General John Kerr dismisses Prime Minister Gough Whitlam on 11 November Kerr then appointed Malcolm Fraser , Leader of the Opposition, as caretaker Prime Minister.
The Australian Capital Territory legalises homosexuality between consenting adults in private. Granville rail disaster killed eighty-three people. First Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras.
Australian women win the right to maternity leave. Kakadu National Park and the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park are both proclaimed. Baby Azaria Chamberlain disappears from a campsite at Uluru Ayers Rock , reportedly taken by a dingo. A referendum is held in Tasmania to vote for whether or not the Franklin Dam should be built.
The National Gallery of Australia is opened. The Ash Wednesday bushfires kill 71 people. Australia wins the America's Cup. The Australian dollar is floated. The one dollar coin is issued to replace the one dollar note. The government grants the freehold title of a large area of land in central Australia, including prominent landmarks Uluru and Kata Tjuta , to the Mutitjulu people, who in turn give them a year lease.
The last state to do so New South Wales abolishes capital punishment. The Australia Act removes the right of appeal from State courts to the British Privy Council, making the High Court the final court of appeal in Australia.
The Act also removes all remaining rights of the UK parliament to pass law for Australia. Murder of Anita Cobby in Sydney. Russell Street Bombing in Melbourne. Crocodile Dundee is released in Australia. Hoddle Street massacre kills 7 victims and injures Sir Joh Bjelke-Petersen resigns as Premier of Queensland after 19 years at the top.
Queen Street massacre kills 8 victims and injures 5. Australia celebrates its bicentenary , with large celebrations and major funding for capital works projects. Federal referendums on 4-year parliamentary terms, recognition of local government and other issues are defeated. The new Parliament House opens in Canberra. Newcastle earthquake kills 13 people.
ACT gains self-Government. The Kempsey bus crash and Grafton bus crash kill a total of 56 people. Queensland commences three-year trial of Daylight Saving. Rosemary Follett Australian Labor Party becomes the first Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory and the first woman to become head of government in an Australian state or territory. Royal Australian Navy deployed in preparation for the First Gulf War. This contact was sporadic and inconsequential.
The Dingo , the wild dog of Australia, may have first arrived in Australia about 5, years ago during such a visit. These early visitors never recorded their visits or had any knowledge of the vastness of Australia. They thought it was just another one of the many islands in the area. The Portuguese were the first great European explorers. Having found a way to Asia through the Cape of Good Hope , they travelled far and wide in search of spices that were worth their weight in gold back in Europe.
Portuguese sailors reached the island of Timor just km from Australia in So it is conceivable that they may have sailed along the coastline of Australia around that time. But there is no definite proof that they did.
Some Portuguese maps from this time seem to show parts of what appear to be the Australian coastline. Whilst the Portuguese may have been the first European to see parts of the Australian coastline; they didn't realise that they were sailing past Terra Australis Incognita.
Willem Janszoon was the first European to discover Australia. On 26 February , the Dutch sailing ship Duyfken , captained by Janszoon , arrived off the Pennefather River in the Gulf of Carpentaria. The crew found the land swampy and the people there hostile. They lost ten of their crew during various expeditions ashore. Janszoon named the place "Nieu Zeland" New Zealand and departed. Janszoon didn't realise he had discovered Australia. He thought the land was part of the island of New Guinea , which is further north.
In a Dutch sailing ship, Eendracht , on its way to Indonesia sailed off course and bumped into the west coast of Australia. Captain Dirk Hartog landed at Shark Bay on the Western Australian coastline, looked around, and didn't find anything interesting there. He nailed an inscribed pewter dish now at the Rijksmuseum in Holland to a post on top of a cliff to record his visit and departed.
He too, did not realize that he had found Australia. This was the second recorded European landing in Australia. Dutch sailors continued to sail along the coastline and called this land New Holland, but they didn't bother to visit it. To them, it seemed just an empty and barren place with no commercial benefit. On the 4 July, VOC ship Batavia was shipwrecked near Houtman Abrolhos some coral islands near Geraldton, Western Australia. There was a mutiny, and some of the crew built a small fort to protect themselves.
This was the first structure built by European in Australia. In , a Dutchman named Abel Tasman sighted an island he called Van Diemen's Land later renamed Tasmania in honour of Abel Tasman. He didn't realise that this island was a part of Australia. He also went on to 'discover' the islands he named New Zealand Able Tasman reused this earlier name , Tonga Islands, and Fiji. None of these Dutch sailors realised that they had reached Terra Australis Incognita. But they have the distinction of being the first Europeans to set foot on the continent.
On 1 May , the Tryall , a ship of the East India Company, was the first British vessel to sight the Australian coastline. On 22 May , it had the dubious distinction of being the first recorded British shipwreck in Australian waters. The crew was stranded on Montebello Islands off the Pilbara coast of north-western Australia for seven days before sailing back to Banten Indonesia in a longboat.
They too didn't realise that they had landed on Terra Australis Incognita. In an expedition from England, lead by Lieutenant James Cook , sailed to the south Pacific on board the sailing ship Endeavour. Their official mission was to make astronomical observations, but Captain Cook also had secret orders from the British Admiralty to find the southern continent. This expedition landed on the east coast of Australia on the 29th of April Cook first called this place Stingray Bay, then he changed it to Botanist Bay and finally called it Botany Bay because of all the unusual plants there.
Translation: As far as I can tell, there doesn't seem to be anything of worthwhile around here that would encourage Europeans to settle here. He named this new land New Wales and then changed the name to New South Wales. Captain Cook was also the first European to visit the Great Barrier Reef. Actually, he ran into it and damaged his ship pretty badly. He had to spend seven weeks repairing his ship. Cook's greatest accomplishment was that he charted the east coast of Australia.
Cook, himself, didn't believe he had found Terra Australis Incognita. He thought the land was New Holland, the same land the Dutch were referring to. To quote his own words in his journal Cook wrote: ".. and altho' I failed in discovering the so much talked of Southern Continent which perhaps does not exist Nevertheless, like many European explorers of the time, he laid claim to the land on behalf of the British.
He wrote in his journal ' One of the crew members of this voyage was a man named Joseph Banks and on his recommendation the British returned, in , to colonise this new land they claimed Cook had discovered, even though the land was already occupied by the Aborigines. The Aboriginals were the first people to arrive in Australia. They did so around 50, years ago. The first Asian people to visit Australia were probably early traders from Indonesia, and possibly China and India.
They had no idea it was a huge continent. They thought it was just another island. No records exist of their visits. Portuguese sailors travelling to and from Timor and other islands around Indonesia were probably the first Europeans to see Australia.
They saw the seemingly barren coastline of North-western Australia as they sailed past. There is no solid evidence to suggest that they ever come ashore or named the land they saw. This honour goes to the Dutch. The Duyfken captained by Willem Janszoon anchored off the Gulf of Carpentaria and came ashore on 26 February and named the place "Nieu Zeland" New Zealand.
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